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Auguste Adib Pacha
Auguste Adib Pacha (1860 – 12 July 1936)〔http://www.rulers.org/rull.html#lebanon〕 ((アラビア語:أوغست أديب باشا)) was the first Prime Minister of Greater Lebanon, which at the time was a part of the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon. He served in that capacity twice between 1926 and 1932.
==Life==
Auguste Adib was born to a Maronite family in the Lebanon mountains. He first studied at the Jesuit School of Deir Mar Maroun in Ghazir, then upon completion he went to Saint Joseph University (Université Saint-Joseph) in Beirut.〔Asher Kaufman reviving Phoenicia: in search of identity in Lebanon, S. 62, I.B. Tauris publishers 2004 ISBN 1-86064-982-3〕 In 1885 he moved to Egypt where he worked in the local administration.
He was one of the founding fathers of the Lebanese Alliance, which was founded in Cairo in 1908. This party demanded - like other Arab groups in the Ottoman Empire - that the Arab areas of the empire be granted independence. At the same time, it sought to create a Christian-dominated state called Greater Lebanon for the Christian Lebanese, who are actually descendants of the Phoenicians. Their desire for a Christian-dominated state set Adib and his compatriots apart from the Pan-Arab ideas of other proponents of independence among the Arabs of the Middle East.
He returned to Lebanon in 1920 after the First World War, having spent two and a half decades in Egypt. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which released the Arabic-populated areas in the Middle East from Ottoman dominion, is what prompted his return. In 1926, French colonialists divided the former mandated territory of Syria establishing the State of Lebanon. Charles Debbas was the first President and he, Auguste Adib, was the first prime minister, taking office on 31 May 1926. In December of 1926, Adib traveled to Paris to take part in a Conference on resolving the outstanding debt the Ottoman Empire had left to her successors. Meanwhile, back in Lebanon, there was a power struggle between Émile Eddé, and Béchara El-Khoury as both sought to succeed him. Adib was not up to this pressure and resigned on 5 May 1927.〔Meir Zamir Lebanon's quest: the search for a national identity, 1926-1939, S. 48, I.B. Tauris publishers 2000 ISBN 1-86064-553-4〕 A few years later, he became Prime Minister again on 25 March 1930. He held the office this time until 9 March 1932. He was related to some other notable individuals, the most prominent of whom was his nephew Camille Chamoun, who would eventually become president.〔Caroline Attie Struggle in the Levant: Lebanon in the 1950s S. 43 I.B. Tauris Publishers 2004 ISBN 1-86064-467-8〕
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